Andrew Jackson Biography

Andrew Jackson Biography - Andrew Jackson , seventh president of the United States, was the dominant actor in American politics between Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln. Born to parents and orphans dark youth, which was the first " self-made man " and the first Westerner to reach the White House. He became a democratic symbol and founder of the Democratic Party 's most venerable political organization of the country. In his two-term presidency , expanded executive powers and transformed the role of the president of the main popular forum administrator .

Jackson was born in 1767 in Waxhaw, South Carolina , to Scottish immigrants - Irish. He struggled as a child in the Revolutionary War, studied law , and in 1788 moved west of Nashville. In 1791 he began living with Rachel Donelson Robards , whose husband had left her . Formally married after her divorce in 1794. Allegations of adultery derivatives episode later political career dogged Jackson. After serving as Tennessee prosecutor, judge , congressman and senator, who gained fame as the commander in the War of 1812 with the landslide victory against the Creek Indians in 1814 and the British in New Orleans in January 1815.

Andrew Jackson Biography

Jackson 's victory at New Orleans quickly became a legend and the greatest American military hero since George Washington did. In 1818 he led an army in pursuit of Seminole Indians in Spanish Florida , sparking a furor internationally. After Spain ceded Florida , Jackson served briefly as territorial governor and senator from Tennessee was then , in 1823/25 . In a four- candidate race confused , presidential in 1824 , Jackson won the popular and electoral vote but lost in the House of Representatives John Quincy Adams through the influence of President Henry Clay. Jackson challenged Adams again in 1828 and defeated him in a campaign that focused on the image of Jackson as a man of the people battling aristocracy and corruption. In 1832 Jackson easily defeated Henry Clay.

Jackson 's presidency was defined in two central episodes : the nullification crisis and the " Bank War . " Andrew Jackson took office amid mounting sectional acrimony over the " American System " program to promote economic development through transportation subsidies and through protective tariffs on imports to help U.S. manufacturers. Many Southerners believed these policies promoted Northern growth at their expense. Jackson curbed the American System by vetoing bills roads and canals that begin with the Maysville Road in 1830. However, in 1832 the state of South Carolina declared the existing tariff unconstitutional , null and void. The state took steps to block tariff collections within its borders . Although it is in favor of a lower rate , Jackson acted quickly to keep federal supremacy by force if necessary. In a proclamation call, declared the Union indivisible and unmark as treason. Congress reduced the tariff in 1833 , defusing the crisis.

The Second Bank of the United States was a corporation chartered by Congress to provide a paper currency and manage the government's finances . Like Thomas Jefferson , Jackson believed that such a bank to be dangerous and unconstitutional. In 1832 vetoed a bill to extend the Bank's statutes beyond their scheduled expiration in 1836. Jackson's veto message to the common people virtuous contrasted against privileged shareholders of the Bank. The following year, Jackson moved the federal government deposits by the Bank to state-chartered banks , triggering a brief financial panic and prompting the Senate censure him in 1834. Undeterred, Jackson launched a general assault on all forms of government grants privileges , especially corporate charters . His farewell address in 1837 warned of an insidious "money power " .

Bank War Jackson and his populist , egalitarian rhetoric shaped the platform and rhetoric of the new Democratic Party. ( His policies also arguably helped trigger a financial panic in 1837 , which deepened into a severe depression . ) Casting himself as a tribune of the people against the wealthy elite and their tools in government, introduced a standing item on the U.S. policy .

He also forged a stronger role for the presidency. Jackson replaced many government officials for partisan reasons , inaugurating the " influence peddling ." Catering to its core regional constituency of southern planters and western frontiersmen , condemned the agitation against slavery , favored cheaper public lands , and Indian tribes strong armed remove west of the Mississippi . In a showdown between Georgia and the Cherokee Nation , Jackson supported the state's authority against tribal sovereignty and refused to protect Indian treaty rights despite its recognition by the Supreme Court of the United States. Jackson exercised executive powers hard , challenging Congress, veto bills more than all his predecessors combined , and often reorganize his cabinet.

Strong-willed and sharp -tempered , a fierce patriot and rabid partisan, Jackson has always been controversial , both as a general and as president. He disputes personalized and demonized opponents . In one famous episode , Jackson broke his first Cabinet and forced a break with Vice President John C. Calhoun defended the character of Peggy Eaton, lively and controversial women of the Secretary of War . However, behind Jackson towering rage often put shrewd calculation of their political effects .

Andrew Jackson secured the presidential succession in 1836 to his faithful lieutenant and second vice president , Martin Van Buren . Then he retired to the Hermitage , the cotton plantation near Nashville, where he died in 1845.

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